Although we know a great deal about her exploits from here on in, there are no reliable descriptions of either her character or physical appearance. The other five pirate captains had to decide on a successor, and they chose Zheng Yi's widow, Zheng Yi Sao. Then disaster struck, and the pirate chief was killed in November 1807, either in action or in a typhoon. Zheng Yi was remarkably successful, and not even raids by the Chinese authorities had very much impact on his operations. On occasion, even coastal fortifications fell to the pirates.
Coastal towns were also attacked, either to loot them of provisions or to encourage the payment of protection money, a strategy also applied to captains of merchant vessels who were required to purchase a pass or risk attack from any ship in the confederation.
In the case of foreign ships, captured mariners were often ransomed. These goods were then sold on to merchants on the coast. It was not uncommon for Chinese women to be mariners, captains, or involved in piracy.Ĭaptured cargoes included precious goods like gold, silver, rolls of silk, spices, Chinese porcelain, tea, and cotton.
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